Access to and Usage of Faxing by Military & Overseas Voters

As of 2022, thirty-one states allow for some form of electronic ballot return for UOCAVA voters, with seven of these limiting electronic return to the use of facsimile, or fax. This report details the history of the development of fax and its evolving usage by the military and for UOCAVA voting. The report also examines data from the 2010-2018 PEVS-ADM surveys to better understand military and overseas citizens’ access to and usage of fax as a method of electronic ballot return.